Abstract: In this paper, the multiple comparison, correlation analysis, Shannon-Weiner diversity index, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were used to analyze the phenotypic diversity of 8 natural populations of Camellia pitardii from southwest China.The results showed that there was no obvious rule in the mean value of seed traits among populations, and the largest value of seed traits was P 8 population while the smallest appeared in P 5 population.The average coefficient of variation（CV） of each trait ranged from 13.21% to 51.03%,with the lowest transverse diameter of fruit（13.21%） and the highest grain weight（51.03%）.The average coefficient of variation of 8 populations ranged from 22.30% to 38.44%.The phenotypic variation of P 5 population was the lowest, and P 3 population had rich phenotypic variation.Correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive or negative correlations among the traits.And, the diversity analysis showed that the fruit shape of C. pitardii in southwest of China was diverse, and the frui color was mainly green and yellow.The average diversity index of different seed traits was 1.882,indicating high diversity of seed traits.Clustering analysis divided 27 superior individual plants of C. pitardii into 5 categories, and clustering was not conducted according to population division.Finally, the results of principal component analysis（PCA） showed that the accumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 85.632%,among which the weight per fruit, cross diameter of fruit, number of grains and longitudinal diameter of fruit were the main traits that affected the phenotypic variation of the seed of C. pitardii in southwest of China.