Abstract: In order to understand the relative importance of main agronomic traits in yield composition of maize in Henan, the planting conditions of 247 common maize varieties approved by Henan province from 2011 to 2020 and the current main varieties were taken as the research objects, and correlation analysis and path analysis were carried out on the relationship and evolution between yield and main agronomic traits of approved varieties.The results showed that the yield level of approved varieties in Henan province increased steadily, and the evolution trend of planting density, growth period, panicle length, panicle row number and 1000-grain weight was consistent with the yield, which had a greater direct effect on the yield, and the planting density and growth period contributed the most to the yield.However, with the continuous increase of planting density, the density had become the bottleneck limiting the increase of maize yield.With the upgrading of varieties, the breeding of high-yield varieties with high density and suitable for mechanical harvest has become the focus of breeding.