Abstract: In order to accurately evaluate the main agronomic traits affecting sesame yield, correlation analysis and grey correlation analysis were carried out for 8 agronomic traits of 36 sesame cultivars. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the eight characters ranged from 6.13% to 75.19%, and the capsule number per plant, fruit axis length and 1 000-seed weight per plant were significantly or significantly positively correlated with yield per plant. Grey correlation analysis showed that the traits with higher correlation degree（＞0.7） were plant height（0.720 6）, fruit axis length（0.740 0）, 1 000-grain weight（0.704 4） and capsule number per plant（0.743 1）, and the order was capsule number per plant＞fruit axis length＞plant height＞1 000-grain weight. Therefore, the main breeding goals should be more capsular number, fruit axis length and 1 000-seed weight in the future breeding process of sesame.