Study on Genetic Diversity of Winter Wheat Germplasm Resources with Different Genotypes
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摘要: 为了解决小麦品种遗传背景狭窄,加快品种更新和突破性品种的选育,以30份国内外冬小麦种质资源为材料,通过不同基因型小麦种质资源在山西种植的表现,采用变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析以及聚类分析的方法,分析30份种质资源的遗传多样性。结果表明,变异系数以小区产量最高,为36.90%,其次为穗粒重,最低的是每穗小穗数,为11.15%,说明了30份国内外品种产量性状的遗传丰富,每穗小穗数则相对稳定;相关分析显示,千粒重、穗粒重与产量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.629、0.544,为产量构成的主要因子;对参试材料的15个表型性状进行了主成分分析,前6个主成分因子累计贡献率达77.12%,分别是产量因子、株型因子、分蘖成穗因子、籽粒因子、熟性因子、穗部因子。结合聚类分析将参试材料分为四大类群,其中类群Ⅰ各性状表现较差,产量最低,类群Ⅱ综合性状均居中,属于中秆、中产冬小麦优异材料,类群Ⅲ为高产、多分蘖多粒高千粒重的高产特异亲本材料,类群Ⅳ为高秆、多粒小麦材料。整体来看国外材料产量表现一般,在作为亲本利用时要综合各性状选择育种。Abstract: To solve the narrow genetic background of wheat varieties, speed up variety renewal and breakthrough variety breeding, 30 winter wheat germplasm resources at home and abroad were used as materials to analyze the genetic diversity of 30 germplasms by observing the performance of wheat germplasms of different genotypes planted in Shanxi province based on the methods of variation analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that the yield in the plot appeared the highest coefficient of variation with 36.90%,followed by the grain weight per spike and the number of spikelets per spike was the lowest, with 11.15%,indicating that the 30 varieties at home and abroad were rich in genetic yield traits, while the number of spikelets per spike was relatively stable.Correlation analysis showed that 1 000-grain weight and grain weight per spike were significantly positively correlated with yield, with correlation coefficients of 0.629 and 0.544,which were the main factors of yield.Principal component analysis was conducted on 15 phenotypic traits of the tested materials.The cumulative contribution rate of the first six principal component factors reached at 77.12%,which were production factor, plant type factor, tiller panicle factor, grain factor, ripenness factor and panicle factor.Combined with cluster analysis, the tested materials were divided into four groups.Among them, group Ⅰ had the lowest yield with poor performance in all traits, and group Ⅱ had the middle comprehensive traits, belonging to middle stem and middle winter wheat with excellent material.In addition, the Group Ⅲ was a high yield, multiple tillers, multiple grains and high 1 000-grain weight specific parent material, while group Ⅳ was a tall stem, multiple grains wheat material.On the whole, the yield of foreign materials was not good, so it was necessary to select and breed them comprehensively when they were used as parents.
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Keywords:
- gene /
- wheat /
- germplasm resources /
- diversity
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