Abstract: To understand the genetic differences and genetic relationships of sorghum germplasm resources in Guizhou Province, SSR molecular markers and phenotypic traits of 26 sorghum germplasms were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 26 alleles were detected by 13 pairs of SSR primers, and the effective number of alleles was 21.84.The 26 samples were grouped into four groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.457,and there was little correlation between the genetic relationship and the sources of the tested sorghum.The variation coefficient of phenotypic traits of the tested materials ranged from 13.09% to 44.46%,with an average of 22.7%.There was a large degree of genetic variation in spike grain weight, with a variation coefficient of 44.46%.Plant height, panicle length, leaf number, flag leaf length and flag leaf width were extremely positive correlation with panicle grain weight（correlation coefficients were 0.311,0.324,0.353,0.302 and 0.277,respectively）.And, the 1 000-grain weight was also very positive correlation with panicle grain weight（correlation coefficients were 0.291）.Therefore, the 26 sorghum germplasms were divided into 5 groups based on cluster analysis of phenotypic traits.