Abstract: The Polygonatum cyrtonema,as a rare perennial herb with homology of medicine and food in China, can nourish qi and Yin, relieve inflammation and pain, strengthen spleen and moisten lung, and it is often used in the treatment of headache, coronary heart disease, hyperlipemia and so on. In recent years, with the rapid development of edible vegetable oil, the study on chemical components of P. cyrtonema seeds, especially fatty acids, has been further deepened.However, P. cyrtonema seeds have comprehensive dormancy characteristics, which hinder the full development and utilization of P. cyrtonema germplasms. In order to provide valuable reference for the collection, development and utilization of P. cyrtonema germplasms, the morphological structure, chemical components and the progress of seed germination of P. cyrtonema are reviewed in this paper.