Abstract: To reveal the characteristics of seed quality and genetic variation of Cunninghamia lanceolata clone seeds from orchards, and to screen excellent germplasm, so as to achieve the goal of improving seed orchards construction level, 10 quality traits of 16 clones in second-generation seed orchards were studied from three aspects, namely seed germination characteristics including germination rate, mildew rate, germination potential, germination index, germination duration and germination time, degree of excellence including excellent degree, empty seed rate and dry seed rate and biomass including 1 000-seed weight. The results showed that there was a certain degree of correlation among the quality traits, and the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, germination duration and germination time were significantly positively correlated. And, there was a significant negative correlation between the excellent degree and empty grain rate and dry grain rate while there was a significant positive correlation between 1 000-seed weight and germination time. In addition, there were significant genetic differences in quality traits among different clones, and the variation coefficient of germination potential and germination rate was larger, followed by 1 000-seed weight, and the variation coefficient of goodness was the least. Five clones（BJ 3, BJ 5, BJ 1, BJ 9 and BJ 2） with high quality were selected by comprehensive evaluation method, and these selected clones can provide high quality germplasm materials for Chinese fir seed orchard construction and industrial development.