Abstract: Dalbergia odorifera is the most representative species in the popularization and planting of precious tree species in South China. Since its own heartwood formation was extremely slow, there was currently no effective way to artificially promote the formation of its own heartwood, so the selection and breeding of good germplasm resources was particularly important. This study compared the germplasm differences of 66 families from different producing areas in 10 cities/counties in 3 provinces like Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan, and carried out correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that there were rich variations in seed traits and seedling growth of Dalbergia odorifera from 66 families in 10 producing areas. The coefficient of variation of seed traits was 8.99%-25.28%, the coefficient of variation of seedling traits was 8.49%-33.03%. Among all seed traits, the coefficient of variation of thousand-grain weight of pod（22.34%）,thousand-grain weight without wings（23.80%）, seed percentage（20.17%）, thousand-grain weight（25.28%）, seed thickness（14.20%）,and germination rate（16.11%） was larger, and the coefficient of variation of plant height（15.71%）,root dry weight（22.62%）, stem dry weight（33.03%）, and leaf dry weight（28.87%） in seedling traits was larger, which could be used as the important indictors breeding and selecting escellent single plant. Correlation analysis showed that the thousand grain weigh was significantly positively correlated with pods（length, width, thousand grain weigh） and seeds（length, width, thickness）. Germination rate was significantly positively correlated with seed percentage, thousand grain weigh, seed length, and seed thickness. Plant height, ground diameter, and dry weight of seedlings above ground were significantly positively correlated with seed thousand-grain weight and seed length. The correlation of seedling root dry weight and seed traits did not reach significant levels. In addition, Dalbergia odorifera germplasm was also significantly affected by geographical factors. Annual average temperature has a significant positive correlation with pod, seed size and seed germination rate. rainfall has a significant positive correlation with seed germination rate. Altitude had a significant positive correlation with seed thousand-grain weight and germination rate. The comprehensive evaluation of principal components showed that the 5 best-performing families among 66 families from 10 producing areas were Hainan Dongfang No.8, Guangzhou Relin No.2, Guangdong Maoming No.2, Guangdong Maoming No.1, and Hainan Dongfang No.11, while the five families with the worst performance were Hainan Baisha No.1, Hainan Jianfeng No.4, Hainan Baisha No.12, Hainan Jianfeng No.2, and Hainan Jianfeng No.1.