Abstract: In order to explore the germination of Abutilon theophrasti Medicus seeds in arid environment and understand the resistance of Abutilon theophrasti Medicus seeds to drought environment. The effects of drought stress simulated by different temperature, light and polyethylene glycol on the germination of Abutilon theophrasti Medicus seeds were studied by control experiment, and the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of Abutilon theophrasti Medicus seeds were determined. The results showed that Abutilon theophrasti Medicus seeds were the most suitable for germination under the conditions of 35 ℃/25 ℃, natural light（light for 12 hours and darkness for 12 hours）. With the increase of PEG-6000 concentration, the initial germination period and germination peak period of Abutilon theophrasti Medicus seeds would be prolonged accordingly. With the deepening of stress, the seed germination potential and germination index began to decrease gradually, but the daily relative germination rate and cumulative germination rate of Abutilon theophrasti Medicus seeds reached the maximum when the water potential was-0.2 MPa, reaching 15% and 53%, respectively. At this time, the germination effect of Abutilon theophrasti Medicus seeds was higher than that of the control group（distilled water treatment）. Research indicated that Abutilon theophrasti Medicus seeds had certain drought resistance under low concentration drought stress, but the germination process of Abutilon theophrasti Medicus seeds stagnated at high concentration.