Abstract: Locating QTLs that affect stable expression of ear row number in maize under different environments is the basis and prerequisite of molecular marker-assisted selection in maize. In this study, 283 recombinant inbred lines（RIL） from X 178 and NongXi 531 were used as experimental materials.QTL mapping and analysis of maize ear row number in Xinji and Baoding were carried out by SSR molecular marker and ICIM-ADD.The results showed that a total of 19 QTLs related to ear row number of maize were detected and distributed on chromosome 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 and 9. A single QTL phenotype contributed 3.4%-9.1%. Eight QTLs were detected in Xinji, and the phenotypic contribution of a single QTL was 3.9%-11.77%.Two loci, qKRE 1-B-1 and qKRE 3-X-9, were detected in Baoding and Xinji, with an average contribution rate of 5.21% and 9.16%, respectively.Eleven QTLs were detected in Baoding, and these QTLs detected in different environments provided theoretical basis for fine mapping of maize ear rows.