Abstract: Orchidaceae, as the second largest family of Angiosperms, has important economic values such as medicine and appreciation. It is also an important indicator of the change of ecological environment quality. Yunnan Province is one of the provinces with the highest diversity of orchids in China.However, there was a lack of research on the diversity statistics and spatial distribution characteristics of orchids in Yunnan Province. Based on literature review and field research, the distribution database of orchid plants in Yunnan Province was established, and the diversity and spatial distribution characteristics of orchids in Yunnan Province were analysed by using the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS software（taking the county as the unit）. The results showed that according to statistics, there were 145 genera and 825 species of orchids in Yunnan Province, including 85 new species in Yunnan. The richness of orchid plants presented a horizontal distribution pattern of "western were higher than the east, and northern areas lower than the south" in the whole province, and the northwest corner and the southernmost end were the highest. The four counties with the highest number of species and genera in each county were Jinghong, Menghai, Mengla and Gongshan. 53 hot spots were obtained by screening algorithm, of which only Gongshan and Mengla counties with heat degree of 0.511-1.000. The vertical distribution of orchids showed a "inclined mid-expansion" pattern, which was mainly distributed at 900-2 099 m above sea level and reached the peak at 900-1 699 m. Orchid genera and species were mainly small patches distributed independently, while counties with the same number of genera and species and adjacent distribution formed less large patches. The Simpson and Shannon diversity index and their evenness index of species were slightly higher than those of genera, and the species and genera of Orchidaceae were evenly distributed. With the increase of the number of genera and species, although there were some fluctuations, the spatial distribution diversity pattern indicators showed a downward trend. To sum up, Yunnan Province was rich in orchids. Improving the timeliness and sharing of plant database and carrying out scientific research on a regular basis were very important for biodiversity conservation.