Abstract: Under the background of global division of labor, the globalization pattern of the seed industry increasingly shows the value chain competition model of oligopoly and mixed operation. Chinese seed industry currently presents the characteristics of a super-large scale, a steady growth trend and an organization embryonic form of industrial concentration, which initially had the market foundation for building a domestic demand-leading global value chain. However, it was still in the initial stage of excessive competition and industrial concentration, which was manifested by the shortage of leading enterprises, the closedness of market areas, and the non-value chain characteristics of competition, which made the driving force in the construction and upgrading of the industrial value chain insufficient. Under the new development paradigm, the development of China’s seed industry must make full use of the domestic huge market structure, increase market concentration through mergers and acquisitions, and build a global value chain dominated by itself based on the formation of oligopoly competition.