Abstract: In order to further explore the differences of metabolites in four varieties of green Zanthoxylum schinifolium, non-targeted metabonomics technology based on ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF/MS） was used to comprehensively identify their differential metabolites in this study, and the differential metabolites were screened out by combining univariate statistical analysis and multivariate statistical analysis. Then the metabolic pathways involved in the differential metabolites were annotated through hierarchical cluster analysis, correlation analysis and KEGG database, of which the key metabolites were finally screened. The results showed that 131 metabolites were identified in positive and negative ion modes, of which 54 were identified in positive ion mode and 77 in negative ion mode. After statistical analysis of chemical classification and attribution information of these different metabolites, it was found that organic acids and their derivatives accounted for the largest proportion（16.11%）, followed by organic oxygen compounds（14.44%）. Under the positive ion mode, there were 24 differential metabolites between Xinzhou Zanthoxylum schinifolium（Zb005） and Emei Mountain Zanthoxylum schinifolium（Zb003）, 17 differential metabolites between Xinzhou Zanthoxylum schinifolium（Zb005） and Zunyi Damujiao（Zb004）, and 13 differential metabolites between Xinzhou Zanthoxylum schinifolium（Zb005） and Jiangkou Zanthoxylum schinifolium（Zb0010）. After screening all the differential metabolites, it was found that there were 7 common differential metabolites, which were N-methyltyramine, 1-indolone, jasmonolactone, camphor, geranyllin, L-piperidinic acid and galactoic acid. The expression of these metabolites was different, suggesting that they were closely related to the varieties of Zanthoxylum schinifolium. Through hierarchical clustering heat map analysis, it was found that in the three comparison groups（Zb005 vs Zb003, Zb005 vs Zb004, Zb005 vs Zb0010）, the content of Xinzhou Zanthoxylum schinifolium（Zb005） showed higher expression of four compounds（1-indolone, camphor, jasmonolactone and geranyl） than other green pricklyash, which could be the reason why Zunyi local Zanthoxylum schinifolium（Xinzhou Zanthoxylum schinifolium） tastes better than other Zanthoxylum schinifolium.