Abstract: In order to screen out excellent breeding materials of Curcuma longa L., genetic diversity analysis, principal component and cluster analysis were carried out on the underground characteristics, indicative components and color values of 72 Curcuma longa L. germplasm resources. The results showed that Curcuma longa L. had rich types and the range of index traits was 0.11-1.19, and the Curcuma longa L. resource genetic diversity index ranged from 5.32 to 6.16. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations among the underground characteristics, indicative components and color values of Curcuma longa L.. The principal component analysis transformed 21 indicators into 6 comprehensive factors, of which the accumulative contribution rate accounted for 81.351%. Cluster analysis assigned three groups of the Curcuma longa L. germplasm resources, these groups had obvious difference in yield, curcumin content, volatile oil content and top ginger morphology. Based on high-yield and high-indicative components, a total of 15 excellent Curcuma longa L. germplasm resources were selected.