Abstract: Using Carthamus tinctorius L. seeds with different time of natural aging as materials, the seed fullness and germination rate were measured by X-ray imaging technology. The inverse jet images and different spectral features of seeds aged at different time were collected by multi-spectral imaging system, and then verified by XG-Boost model. The results showed that the germination rate of Carthamus tinctorius L. seed decreased significantly with the extension of natural aging time, and the average reflectance of seed was positively correlated with the germination rate. More than 20 spectral characteristics were screened out and they were related to germination rate, of which the Reflectance Ratio Bands Mean had the highest contribution rate. The study indicated that the detection of Carthamus tinctorius L. seed vitality based on spectral imaging technology at different natural aging times and the associated parameters were selected to achieve rapid non-destructive detection of Carthamus tinctorius L. seed vitality.