Abstract: In order to promote fragrant Oryza sativa L. breeding and clarify the presence of fragrance genes in important Oryza sativa L. germplasm resources, this study combined traditional fragrance identification methods（KOH soaking method） with molecular marker technology to identify the fragrance and its gene Badh2 variation types of 48 Oryza sativa L. backbone materials. The results showed that out of 48 test materials, 44 were detected to have fragrance using the KOH immersion method; 43 materials containing fragrance were detected using functional markers of the seven allelic variation types of the fragrance gene Badh2. Among them, 41 were homozygous fragrance types, 2 were heterozygous fragrance types, 37 were allelic variation types of Badh2-E2, and 6 were allelic variation types of Badh2-E7. No variation types of allelic Badh2-E4-5, Badh2-E12, Badh2-E13, Badh2-UTR, and Badh2-Pro were detected. By comparing the KOH soaking method with molecular marker technology, it was found that only one material had different detection results. Mingshui fragrant Oryza sativa L.（X23） was detected to have fragrance using the KOH soaking method, but functional markers of the seven allelic variation types of Badh2 used in this study did not detect fragrance, indicating that the material might belong to other reported or new allelic variation types of Badh2, or might contain new fragrance genes.