Abstract: Alcohol dehydrogenase（ADH） is one of the key enzymes in the pathway of fatty acid metabolism of plant aroma synthesis, which plays an important role in the formation of tea aroma substances. Therefore, exploring the CsADH17 gene is beneficial for the growth, development, and quality improvement of tea plants. According to the CsADH17 gene selected by our research group in the earlier stage, the CsADH17 gene was cloned and a plant expression vector was constructed, genetically transformed into tobacco, and the expression of CsADH17 and related physiological indicators in transgenic tobacco were measured and analysed under non Biotic stress; The results showed that after simulating drought stress conditions on transgenic and wild-type Nicotiana tabacun L., the relative expression of CsADH17 gene in transgenic Nicotiana tabacun L. plants was higher than that in wild-type plants under drought stress treatment. The activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）, peroxidase（POD）, catalase（CAT） and ascorbic acid peroxidase（APX） in wild type Nicotiana tabacun L. plants and CsADH17 transgenic Nicotiana tabacun L. plants were higher than those in wild type Nicotiana tabacun L. after 21 days of drought stress treatment; Meanwhile, after stress treatment, the content of malondialdehyde（MDA） in the leaves of wild-type Nicotiana tabacun L. was significantly higher than that of transgenic Nicotiana tabacun L. Analysis of aroma components showed that the content of benzaldehyde in transgenic Nicotiana tabacun L. increased by 44.4% compared to the wild type, while the nicotine content increased by less than 5% compared to the wild type. The CsADH17 gene has a drought resistance effect in Nicotiana tabacun L. under drought stress, while affecting the aroma components of Nicotiana tabacun L.. This provided a reference basis for further revealing the role of CsADH17 in the growth, development, and stress resistance response of tea plants.