Abstract: In order to investigate the growth and development law of Camellia azalea leaf and identify the key stages in the process of flower bud differentiation, Camellia azalea leaf was taken as the research material, and the external morphological indexes and internal flower organ differentiation were observed at different growth stages by means of photography recording, morphological indexes determination and paraffin section. The results showed that Camellia azalea began to sprout in October, entered the vegetative growth stage, changed to reproductive growth stage around April of the next year, and completed the first round of flowering in July. Based on the results of paraffin sections, the process of flower bud differentiation could be divided into undifferentiated stage, flower primordium differentiation stage, sepal primordium differentiation stage, petal primordium differentiation stage, stamen primordium differentiation stage, pistil primordium differentiation stage, anth formation stage and complete differentiation stage. It took 30-45 days from the beginning of flower bud formation to the completion of flower bud differentiation stage, with the characteristics of continuous flowering. The results showed that during the whole growth cycle of Camellia azalea leaf, the morphological indexes showed different growth trends, and the interaction and independence between the morphological indexes and environmental factors jointly promoted the growth and development of Camellia azalea leaf.