Abstract: The morphological characteristics of bamboo seeds including Pleioblastus pygmaeus, Qiongzhuea tumidinoda, Sasaella kongosanensis and Chimonobanbusa utilis were described, and the seeds were dried to constant weight. The results showed that the seeds of Chimonobanbusa utilis and Qiongzhuea tumidinoda were nut-shaped and the seeds were basic caryopsis. The seeds were oval in shape and the fruits were different in color. In addition, the four kinds of bamboo fruits were rich in vitamins, ash, protein and starch, of which starch content was the highest. A total of 18 amino acids were detected in the seeds, 8 of which were essential, and the content of non-essential amino acids was significantly higher than that of essential amino acids. A total of 27 fatty acids were detected in seeds, of which 17 were unsaturated fatty acids, and the content was significantly higher than that of saturated fatty acids. In addition, the contents of linoleic acid and linolenic acid of Pleioblastus pygmaeus, Qiongzhuea tumidinoda and Chimonobanbusa utilis were significantly higher than those of camellia oil and olive oil, and the contents of linoleic acid were the highest in bamboo seeds of Pleioblastus pygmaeus.