Study on the Biological Characteristics of Stemona tuberosa Seeds

To clarify the basic biological characteristics of Stemona tuberosa seeds, wild introduced seeds were used as experimental materials to carried out the research on phenotypic characteristics, water absorption characteristics, germination characteristics, storage characteristics and dormancy characteristics of seed. The results showed that the seed was brown to dark brown, the main body was ovalwere oval, with longitudinal stripes on the surface of the seed coat. The seedstalk, chalaza and raphe belonging to ovule traces were obvious, of which kernels had abundant endosperm with erect embryo. The morphological indexes of seeds varied greatly, water content 14.30% and 1000-seed weight of 25.31 g. Optimum germination temperature of S. tuberosa seeds was 30 ℃, and it was extremely sensitive to temperature, showing narrow adaptability to temperature. The seeds coat of S. tuberosa showed excellent water permeability, but it caused mechanical hindrance to the germination of radicle which was the main factor causing seed dormancy. The germination rate and germination potential of seeds were increased by 46.08% and 112.29%, respectively, and the time lag of germination was shortened by 100% after removing the testa mechanical obstruction. S. tuberosa seeds should not be stored for a long time. The seed vigor decreased rapidly with the increase of storage time, and the seed basically lost germination ability after 16 months belonging to short-lived seeds.