Abstract: Bryum Hedw. is a drought tolerant moss and a dominant component of the biological crust layer, and it plays an important ecological role for the formation and maintenance of biological crust layer. Based on the Maxent model, 137 distributional records of Bryum in Xinjiang and 20 environmental factors were used to predict the potential distribution of this genus in Xinjiang, and the dominant environmental factors were analyzed. Combined with six climate data in 2050 and 2070 based on RCP45 CO₂ emission scenario, the distribution of this genus in Xinjiang was simulated and predicted. The results showed that:（1）The prediction effect was ideal, and the similarity to the actual distribution area was high. The distribution of Bryum in Xinjiang was affected by six main climatic factors, including rainfall in the driest season.（2） The genus was mainly distributed in Altai region, Tacheng, Yili, Changji Huizu autonomous prefecture, Urumqi region and Kizilsu autonomous prefecture, and a small amount is also distributed in part of Altun mountain and Yili regions and the northwest of Aksu region. In the future climate scenario, the regions in the central area of the Tianshan Mountains and the southeast corner of the Altun National Nature Reserve would lose some of the area of the habitat; new habitats would be obtained in the West Tianshan Mountains and in the north slope of Kunlun Mountains. In 2050 s and 2070 s, the distribution area of the genus would be amplified by 3.36% and 3.67% compared with the contemporary climatic conditions.