Abstract: In order to solve the environmental pollution problems such as crude oil and organic solvent leakage, taking the straw catkin fiber as raw material, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the microstructure, surface functional groups, crystalline structure and element of catkin fibers, and oil-water separation properties were tested. The results showed that the catkin fibers had a hollow structure with thin walls of 1-2 μm and diameters of 10-20 μm, and the surface was smooth. The EDS analysis showed that the fibers mainly contained three elements of carbon, oxygen and little silicon. The water contact angle of catkin fiber got from hydrophobic performance test was 150.8°. In addition, catkin fibers exhibited good adsorption capacity for oil and organic solvents, and its adsorption capacity can reach 21 to 48 times of its own weight, and it can be recovered by simple extrusion, and after 5 cycles of adsorption, catkin fiber can still maintain good adsorption capacity. In summary, it is proved that catkin fiber is an excellent adsorbent with great application potential for oil and organic solvent cleaning and recovery.