Abstract: The lack of nitrogen and phosphorus elements is the main limiting factor for plantation cultivation, in order to understand the responses of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the tree and soil nutrient characteristics of Fraxinus mandshurica plantation, in this study, the effects of nitrogen（N0 0 g/m~2, N1 5 g/m~2, N2 20 g/m~2） and phosphorus（P0 0 g/m~2, P1 7.5 g/m~2, P2 15 g/m~2） fertilization on the ecological stoichiometry of leaf, fine root and soil were analyzed in a 16-year-old Fraxinus mandshurica plantation. The results showed that: with the increase of nitrogen supply, the C and N content of leaf and fine root, and the N content of soil were significantly increased in the Fraxinus mandshurica plantation, while the P content of fine root and C/N ratio of leaf was significantly decreased（P＜0.05）. Meanwhile, the C/P ratio of leaf and N/P ratio of fine root was significantly increased under P addition. With the increase of P supply, the P content of leaf, fine root and soil increased gradually, and the C/P and N/P of leaf and fine root decreased significantly under N0 treatment. Correlation analysis showed that, soil N content was significantly positively associated with leaf and fine root N content（P＜0.05）, but significantly negatively correlated with leaf and fine root C/N content（P＜0.05）. There were significant positive correlations between leaf N content and fine root N content, leaf P content and fine root P content, leaf C/N and fine root C/N, leaf N/P and fine root N/P（P＜0.05）. The results showed that the nutrient status of Fraxinus mandshurica leaf after mixed application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers was better than that after nitrogen or phosphorus fertilization alone. After fertilization, the stoichiometric ratios of fine root and leaf in the Fraxinus mandshurica plantation were significantly positive, it meant that the nutrient allocation of the leaf and fine root had a good synergistic action in the Fraxinus mandshurica plantation.