Abstract: In order to study the genetic variation and genetic diversity of introduced and local wild Alkekengi officinarum after unified planting in the Xian Hinggan Ling alpine region, and provide a basis for the early selection of traits of hybrid offspring, the phenotypic characteristics, variation degree and other related data of leaf traits of the two introduced Alkekengi officinarum varieties and the two wild varieties of Physalis alkekengi L. var. francheti in Xiao Hinggan Ling were analyzed. The results showed that: through the systematic analysis of the leaf shape characteristic indexes of the two varieties of Alkekengi officinarum, it was proved that although there were significant differences in leaf size between the two varieties, the leaf shape indexes of the two varieties themselves were distributed within a reasonable range within the group. Through the statistical analysis of three indicators, namely, leaf dry matter content（LDMC）, specific leaf area（SLA） and coefficient of variation（Cv）, it was shown that the introduced varieties of Alkekengi officinarum had more advantages in energy accumulation due to their larger leaves. The calculation of genetic coefficient showed that the genetic characteristics of the introduced varieties of Alkekengi officinarum were stable and the genetic coefficient was small. Although the variety of Physalis alkekengi L. var. francheti was a local wild variety, its genetic coefficient was high, indicating that it was more vulnerable to environmental modification under different planting conditions, and its character was not stable.