Abstract: Bamboo chip defect detection is an important process to improve product quality. Using images to automatically detect bamboo chip defects can greatly improve production efficiency. In this paper, an image detection method of bamboo chip defects based on OTSU and CANNY algorithm was proposed, which was suitable for seven bamboo chips such as brushed bamboo chips, cracked bamboo chips, borehole bamboo chips, moldy bamboo chips, bamboo green chips, black knot bamboo chips, and triangular bamboo chips. Firstly, the OTSU algorithm was used to binarize the bamboo pieces, the CANNY algorithm was used for edge detection, and the Hough transform was used for tilt correction to realize the extraction of bamboo pieces. Then, OTSU algorithm was used to detect color defects and CANNY algorithm was used to detect shape defects, and all defective bamboo slices were detected. The research results showed that: this paper detected 350 bamboo defects of seven types, and the average accuracy rate was 95.14%, which can effectively detect bamboo defects.