Abstract: The macroscopical and microscopical structures of Dalbergia latifolia wood were observed by means of biological digital microscope and continuous ploidy microscope. The morphological characteristics of various cells were determined and analyzed. The surface contact angle was measured by static drop contact angle measuring instrument. The results showed that D. latifolia wood was a loose pore wood. The main conduit cells were single and diameter multiple conduit holes. The cylindrical conduit cells were the most, accounting for 50.08% of the conduit cells, and the length to width ratio was 1.17. Most of the wood fibers were spindly and tough fibers with a length-width ratio of 38.28. Wood ray cells were common recumbent ray cells with a length-width ratio of 5.74. The axial parenchyma was abundant, pterygoid, clustered pterygoid, intermittent narrow band, ring bundle, containing a few compartmentalized crystalline cells, cell length to width ratio of 4.43. The maximum cell tissue ratio was 71.10% of wood fiber. The minimum was 0.11% of compartmentalized crystalline cell, and the order from large to small was: wood fiber cells, xylem ray cells, vessel cells, axial parenchyma cells and crystal cells. The surface contact angle of D. latifolia in 40 s changed 18.02°, decreased by 30.83%. The analysis of the anatomical structure and surface contact angle of D. latifolia wood can provide reference for its identification and utilization.