Abstract: In order to solve the problems that wood dyeing consumes a lot of energy in industry and the color fastness of dyed veneer is poor, starting from improving the binding fastness of poplar to dye, the interaction between poplar and dye was enhanced by etherification modification of wood fiber. The wood fiber was grafted with positive quaternary ammonium salt group, which interacted with dye through ionic bond, and the dyed poplar veneer with high color fastness was successfully prepared at normal temperature. A large number of dye particles were uniformly deposited on wood pits and vessels. The crystalline morphology of cellulose did not change during the modification, and the crystallinity of dyed veneer increased to some extent. The new absorption peaks and the change of valence state of N element appeared in the dyed veneer, which confirmed that wood and dye were bonded by ionic bond. The ΔE（total chromatic aberration） and dye-uptake were increased by 5.607 and17.38%, respectively, compared with traditional boiling dyeing. The light fastness was excellent, when exposed to light for 24 hours, ΔE was 7.702±0.625. The bonding strength was high, the ΔE before and after washing and the absorbance of washed solution were 16.97% and 5.19% of the traditional dyed veneer, respectively. The results of this study provided an idea for solving the problems of high temperature of wood dyeing and low light fastness of acid dye dyed wood in actual production.