高枝多头多龄异砧嫁接对红松生长和结实的影响
Effects of Intergeneric Grafting with High Branch, Multiple Heads and Different Age on Trees Growth and Fruiting of Pinus koraiensis
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摘要: 为提高红松嫁接苗产量和质量,揭示红松樟子松异砧高枝多头多龄嫁接技术对红松生长及结实的影响情况,本文采用标准地法和时空替代法,选择2008年同砧、异砧高枝多头多龄嫁接红松进行研究,分别调查退耕还林山地和退耕还林平地异砧嫁接红松林的生长和结实情况。结果表明:(1)不同立地条件下,退耕还林山地高枝多头多龄红松异砧嫁接优树的胸径、树高和枝下高度均高于退耕还林平地;但退耕还林平地的结实量大于退耕还林山地,退耕还林平地结实特性是大果和连年结实型,退耕还林山地结实特性为连年结实型;(2)不同砧木比较,同砧嫁接与异砧嫁接树木的胸径、树高、冠幅和结实层厚度的差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05),结实数量的差异则达极显著水平(P<0.001),说明异砧嫁接树木初期表现出速生特性;(3)高枝多头嫁接成活率高,提早结实,嫁接亲合性较好。高达枝多头多龄嫁接成活率较高,嫁接6~8 a,树木开始结实,高枝多头异嫁接可以促进提前结实,多结实。Abstract: In order to improve the yield and quality of grafted seedlings of Pinus koraiensis, and reveal the effect of intergeneric grafting with high branch, multiple heads and different age on trees growth and fruiting of Pinus koraiensis, this paper used the standard ground method and the time-space substitution method to study the high branch, multiple heads and different age Larix gmelinii on the same stock and different stock in 2008, and the tree growth and fruiting of intergeneric grafting Larix gmelinii in the return the grain plots to forestry of mountain area and plain land were investigated respectively. The results showed that:(1) in different sites, the breast height(DBH), tree height and height under living branch of intergeneric grafting with high branch, multiple heads and different age Larix gmelinii in the return the grain plots to forestry of mountain area was higher that that of plain land. However the yield of return the grain plots to forestry of plain land was higher than that of mountain area. The fruiting characteristics of the plain land were both big fruit and continuous year fruit type, the fruiting characteristics of the mountain area was continuous year fruit type.(2) The difference of DBH, tree height, crown width and thickness of fruiting layer between the same and different stock grafting reached significant level(P<0.05), and the number of seed set reached a very significant level(P<0.001), indicating that the growth characteristics of the different rootstocks were fast at the initial stage.(3) The survival rate of high branch and multi head grafting was high, the early fruiting was very good and the grafting affinity was good. The survival rate was higher by using the methods of high branch, multi head and multi age grafting. After grafting for 6-8 years, the trees began to bear fruit. High branch multi head intergeneric grafting can promote early bearing and multi bearing.