Hydrological Characteristics of Soil and Litter of Different Forest Types in Zhongtiao Mountain

In order to explore the forest hydrological ecological function of Zhongtiao Mountain, the Phoenix Valley Forest Park in Yuncheng city is taken as the research object, which is located in the hinterland of Zhongtiao Mountain. In this paper, four kinds of forest types were selected in this area, including Celtis sinensis and Zelkova serrata broad-leaved mixed forest, Crataegus pinnatifida forest, Koelreuteria paniculata forest, Pinus tabuliformis and Celtis sinensi coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The hydrological properties of litter layer and soil layer were measured and their differences were analyzed. The results showed that the total litter accumulation of the four forest types ranged from 10.75 to 15.84 t/hm~2, and the order from large to small was Pinus tabuliformis and Celtis sinensi coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, Koelreuteria paniculata forest, Celtis sinensis and Zelkova serrata broad-leaved mixed forest, Crataegus pinnatifida forest. The range of maximum water holding capacity of litter accumulation was 40.39 to 49.92 t/hm~2, and the water holding capacity of litter layer in Celtis sinensis and Zelkova serrata broad-leaved mixed forest was better than that in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and pure forest. The soil bulk density ranged from 0.55 to 0.88 g/cm~3 of different forest types, and the non-capillary porosity ranged from 3.07% to 15.56%, the soil bulk density was the lowest and soil non-capillary porosity was the highest in Pinus tabuliformis and Celtis sinensi coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest, indicating that the soil permeability was good. The soil capillary porosity, total porosity, capillary water holding capacity and maximum water holding capacity of Celtis sinensis and Zelkova serrata broadleaved mixed forest were the largest, which showed good water conservation performance. The comprehensive analysis showed that the hydrological performance of the Celtis sinensis and Zelkova serrata broad-leaved mixed forest was the best, and the decomposition of the litter layer was an important factor affecting the water conservation function of the forest area.