Abstract: The design of the support structure for TBM water conveyance tunnels, which are characterized by penetrating faults, being deeply buried, and having high external water pressure, often lacks detailed analysis. The response of each support structure is still unclear. Therefore, this work analyzed the response laws of surrounding rock and support structure during the excavation-support process of this type of TBM tunnel under different support schemes. Firstly, A three-dimensional fine simulation model of dynamic excavation-supporting of TBM tunnels in line with practical construction methods was established. Secondly, the response laws of surrounding rock, anchor rod, steel arche, initial sprayed concrete, and secondary lining in dynamic excavation-support were gradually analyzed after the dismantling of the support scheme. The results indicate that all supporting structures can effectively reduce the deformation of surrounding rock. The deformation of the surrounding rock before lining support, as well as the stress response of anchor rod and steel arche, all increase with excavation, and the amplitude gradually decreases and eventually tends to stabilize. After support, each response immediately decreases and stabilizes. The stress distribution of anchor rod is uneven. The stress of anchor rod near the arch waist increases faster than that of anchor rod at the arch crown after support, and the stress of each anchor rod near the inner wall of the tunnel is greater than that far away from the inner wall of the tunnel. The support plan, consisting of a pipe shed, anchor rod, steel arche, consolidation grouting, initial spraying, and secondary lining, can ensure engineering safety. However, it is necessary to increase the elastic modulus, cohesive force, and internal friction angle of the consolidated surrounding rock by 1.0, 1.0, and 0.21 times, respectively.