Abstract: In the context of remediation of heavy metal pollution and reutilization of red mud solid waste, the adsorption characteristics and influencing mechanisms of heavy metal ions on red mud particles were analyzed. Subsequently, the influence of red mud as a pollutant isolation layer on the migration of heavy metals and the differences in their adsorption capacities for different heavy metals were investigated through one-dimensional column percolation experiments. The results demonstrate significant differences in the adsorption capacities of the red mud isolation layer for the three heavy metal ions. The adsorption capacity for Pb（Ⅱ） is greater than that for Cd（Ⅱ）, and the capacity for Cd（Ⅱ） is higher than that for Cu（Ⅱ）. This sequence corresponds to the adsorption of the three heavy metal ions by red mud, indicating that the adsorption capacity of the red mud isolation layer for the three heavy metal ions is influenced by their adsorption abilities. The study concluded that red mud is a relatively effective pollutant isolation material, which can prevent permeation and minimize the activity of heavy metal ions in the soil.