Abstract: At present, the research on the compression characteristics of sand mostly focuses on laboratory tests. The existing numerical simulation research by introducing intergranular rolling resistance through circular particles cannot accurately reflect the effects of irregular particle shape. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further study of the influence of intergranular rolling resistance on the sand compression characteristics. Based on the discrete element particle flow software PFC2 D, the effects of inter particle rolling resistance on the partial stress, volume strain, particle rotation and soil force chain of loose sand and dense sand in the process of biaxial compression are analyzed. The results show that the existence of rolling friction between particles improves the peak eccentric stress strength and residual strength of dense sand and loose sand. The greater the rolling friction coefficient, the greater the peak eccentric stress. The influence laws of rolling friction coefficient on loose sand and dense sand are different. Dense sand presents the characteristics of shear shrinkage before shear expansion, and the greater the rolling friction coefficient, the greater the degree of shear expansion and shear shrinkage of dense sand. The loose sand is in the state of shear shrinkage without considering the rolling between particles. Considering the rolling friction coefficient, the loose sand shows the trend of shear shrinkage first and then shear expansion. The rolling resistance between particles has an effect on the number and distribution of soil particles, and the thickness distribution of soil force chain is more obvious after considering the rolling resistance between particles.