Abstract: Using the dregs of Herba Epimedii as raw materials, the cultivation of edible fungi Pleurotus ostreatus was conducted to obtain medicinal fungus chaff; and then using the residues of medicinal residues as raw materials, acrylic acid(AA) as monomer, N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide(MBA) as cross-linking agent, ammonium persulfate(APS) as initiator, sodium sulfite(SBS) as co-initiator, the aqueous solution polymerization method was used to prepare the dregs fungus chaff-based composite superabsorbent resin(SAP). The effect of preparation conditions on water absorption was discussed. The best process conditions were 1.50 g fungus chaff, 6.00 g AA, neutralization degree of AA 70%, 0.090 g APS, 0.030 g SBS, and 0.010 5 g MBA. And on this basis, the untreated medicinal dregs was used to prepare superabsorbent resin for grafting control. The results showed that the water absorption rate of the resin formed by the fungus chaff to the filtered water and physiological saline solution under the optimal process conditions were 1 234.96 and 71.11 g/g, and much higher than the superabsorbent resin obtained by graft copolymerization of the original dregs, and it had good water retention performance with the water retention rate of 168 h 22.59%. FT-IR was used to characterize its structure, proving that acrylic acid was successfully grafted onto mycelium; the surface was observed as a rough porous structure by scanning electron microscopy.