Abstract: Hydrothermal liquefaction was one of the thermochemical conversions of lignocellulosic biomass. It was considered as an environmentally friendly technology for using water as a solvent. In this review, research progress in hydrothermal liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass in recent years was summarized and discussed. Analysis strategies of hydrothermal liquefaction products of lignocellulosic biomass were introduced. The hydrothermal liquefaction mechanism of lignocellulosic biomass, such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and composition and distribution of hydrothermal liquefaction products were analyzed. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst and co-solvent on hydrothermal liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass were discussed. The characterization methods of liquefaction products such as biological oil, incoagulable gas and solid residue were introduced emphatically. Finally, suggestions were performed on the future development direction of wood fiber hydrothermal liquefaction.