Abstract: The double decomposition reaction of methyl oleate and ethylene is a special kind of olefin double decomposition reaction. Two end-ene intermediates, 1-decene and 9-decene methyl ester, are obtained through the cross double decomposition products. At the same time, 9-octadecene and dimethyl-9-octadecene-1, 18-diate, are produced through competitive reactions. The selection of catalysts plays a decisive role in the rate and selectivity of this reaction. With the emergence of highly efficient and stable commercial ruthenium catalysts, the industrial application range of this reaction is gradually expanded. However, there are still some problems in the research of this reaction, such as incomplete process conditions, wide product distribution, expensive and difficult recovery of homogeneous catalysts, and poor activity of heterogeneous catalysts. In this paper, the mechanism of the double decomposition reaction between methyl oleate and ethylene is described in detail. With the development of catalysts as the axis, the research process of the reaction is introduced from the aspects of process conditions, types of catalysts and industrial application of products. The research progress of this reaction was systematically evaluated based on the conversion rate of methyl oleate, product yield and selectivity, and catalyst turnover number(TON). At the same time, it is suggested that in the future exploration, in addition to the development of catalyst, the whole reaction system should be optimized according to the actual conditions, so as to realize the integration of reaction, detection and separation.