Abstract: Technical principle,modeling establishment and evaluation,chemometrics methods of the near-infrared spectroscopy technology (NIRS) were described. Its application in analysis of quality traits of vegetable oil is emphasized. NIRS can identify the type of vegetable oil quickly,and analyse the oil content and fatty acid chemical composition accurately. At present,oil quality has been affected seriously by the adulteration. Therefore,NIRS,which is a quick, convenient, environmental amd non-destructive technology , will have a extremely broad application prospects.