Abstract: China fir was modified by cyanoethylation under microwave radiation.The cyanoethylated wood was characterized by IR.The same weight gain((50%)-(60%)) could be obtained as that of conventional method,but the reaction time was shortened from the primary(240 min) to(120 min).The reaction conditions are as follows: 2 g of China fir is soaked in saturated and low(concentrated) NaOH solution for(60 min),cyanoethylene(17 mL),temperature 40-(50℃),radiation time 20-(60 min)(the actual reaction time 80-(120 min)) and(30%) of 650 W microwave power.