Abstract: Five typical waste biomass materials were used for the research on technology of the carbonization. The preparation methods of biomass charcoal materials were summarized. The particle distribution, loose density, tap density and functional groups of charcoal powder were determined. The result shows that the yield of the carbonization decreases when the temperature rises; the distribution of particles of the five biomass materials is between 0.11-85 μm, and mainly between 10-20 μm; there are big differences between loose density and tap density of the five biomass charcoal powders, and for the same one the ratio of tap density to loose density is about 2; the change of functional groups of the five biomass materials after the carbonization is that the ether(C—O—C), carbonyl(C＝O), methyl(—CH3) and methylene(—CH2) groups disappear, but the hydroxyl(—OH), alkene(C＝C) and aromatic compounds still exist.