Abstract: The traditional process showed low efficiency in the conversion and utilization of lignocellulosic biomass, which greatly limited the high-value utilization of bioresources. The lithium salts had exhibited great potential in efficient conversion and application of lignocellulose. In this paper, the system properties of lithium salt solvents were introduced. The research progress of lithium salt solvent systems in the conversion and utilization of lignocellulosic biomass was reviewed, and effects on the preparation of cellulose derivatives, high efficient conversion of glucose, preparation of platform compounds and biochar was emphatically analyzed. Meanwhile, the problems existing in the utilization of lignocellulose in lithium salt solvent system were summarized, and the future research direction was suggested.