Abstract: Wood has unique advantages on industrial wastewater treatment including green, renewable, easy obtained, wide application, etc. This review gave an outline of the novel and functionalized wood-based composite (including wood filters, wood aerogel adsorption materials, wood sponge, etc.) prepared by depriving lignin and hemicellulose from the raw wood, loading functional nanomaterials and modifying functional groups on the raw wood for purifying the industrial wastewater containing heavy metal ions, microorganisms, organic dyes and oil stains. Then the influences of preparation technologies and modification methods on the types of pollutants, degradation efficiency, adsorption capacity, sterilizing effect, and recycling usability of wood for filtering and adsorbing the wastewater have been analyzed, and the potential problems and future application prospects of wood-based composite material in the field of water pollution purification were pointed out as well.