Abstract: Agricultural non-point source pollution, which mainly comes from nitrogen and phosphorus leached from farmlands, has become a main inhibitory factor for high-quality development of agriculture in China. In regards to the outbreak regularity of farmland runoff pollution and its control measures, we explored the key factors affecting farmland runoff pollution, summarized the farmland runoff pollution control measures based on the principle conception of “source reduction-process blocking-terminal purification”, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of technical measures and their influencing factors in practical application. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the monitoring of farmland runoff pollution in the future with the help of risk assessment models; the source control system of farmland runoff pollution should mainly focus on the optimization of fertilization supplemented by multiple optional measures; the treatment facilities should improve their purification capacity; the green and low-carbon comprehensive prevention and control technology mode of non-point source pollution in intensive agricultural areas with strong applicability should be established, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for agricultural non-point source pollution control.