Abstract: Cotton mechanical harvesting is the key to reducing manpower and realizing the mechanization of agricultural production, and the cotton picking gearbox is designed according to the actual production needs of cotton harvesting in Xinjiang and the working conditions of cotton pickers.According to the walking operation requirements of the cotton picking baler, this paper takes the walking gearbox of the cotton picking machine as the research object, and uses MASTA software to conduct finite element analysis of the gear, bearing and shell of the walking gearbox to verify its rationality.The analysis results show that the gears, bearings and shells of the walking gearbox of the cotton picking baler meet the design requirements under the harshest working conditions, and can meet the operating requirements of the cotton picking baler.