Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low operation efficiency,uneven and partial application of fertilizer in farmland irrigation area,which still focuses on manual fertilization,resulting in the waste of water conservancy and fertilization resources.This paper presents a self-propelled fertilizer spreader.Ant colony algorithm is used to plan the path of regular and irregular boundary plots respectively.Compared with particle swarm optimization algorithm,ant colony algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm are used for path planning for regular and irregular plots of the same size.It is found that the path of ant colony algorithm is shorter and the calculation time is less than that of particle swarm optimization algorithm in the planning process of fertilizing path,so the fertilizing function consumption is also less,and ant colony algorithm is better than particle swarm optimization algorithm.