Abstract: With the continuous improvement of the level of mechanization of rice planting, the traditional artificial seedling method is gradually replaced by mechanized seedling planter. In the whole seeding process,seeding is a crucial link, and the performance of the seeder plays a decisive role in the seeding link. This paper analyzes the current research and application status of rice seedling planter seeder at home and abroad, and comprehensively summarizes the working principle and technical characteristics of the three main types of mechanical, vibratory and pneumatic seeders, and introduces the relevant theoretical research methods. By summarizing and analyzing the current theoretical research methods of rice seedling seeder, the direction of improving and optimizing the seeder rower of rice seeding machine is put forward in view of the existing problems and defects of the current seeding equipment, aiming to provide reference for the research and development of rice seeding rower.