Abstract: Sugarcane is one of the important economic crops in South China.The sustainable development of sugarcane industry is related to the strategic security of sugar in China.This paper proposed that the 14th five-year plan of sugarcane mechanization in China should be formulated on the basis of the document〔2018〕42which issued by the State Council of China.The problems that should be paid attention to in the sustainable development of sugarcane industry and the mechanization of sugarcane production were analyzed from 4 level systems:planting production system,sugar and sugarcane production system,sugarcane production system and sugarcane harveting system.It was suggested that we should promote sugarcane planting technology by mechanization to stabilize the planting area of sugarcane in high land renter.Promoting local economic development and sustainable development of sugarcane and sugar industry by comprehensive utilization of by-products and extension of industrial chain.Through the "two-steps method" sugar mill configuration and sugarcane trash removal device application in sugar mill to achieve the barrier-free access to sugar mill.The coordinated operation of the sugar and sugarcane industry system was realized by constructing the system of "sugar mill-machinery enterprise-agriculture enterprise".Sugar field planning,agronomic integration with agricultural machinery to ensure the smooth implementation of the whole process of mechanical operations.To promote the benign development of sugarcane production with the moderate scale management of agricultural and machinery enterprises;promote sugarcane mechanization and sustainable development of sugarcane industry.