Abstract: Composite mobile robots are a type of robotic system that can complete multiple tasks in complex environments. They can be used in agricultural fields for tasks such as sowing seeds, fertilizing, spraying pesticides, etc., to achieve precision agriculture, improve agricultural production efficiency, and enhance the quality of agricultural products. As a result, their application is becoming increasingly widespread. This paper reviews the development history, technical characteristics and research status of composite mobile robots. Firstly,the concept and classification of composite mobile robots are introduced, and then the core technologies are mainly introduced, including localization and navigation, path planning, collaborative control and multi-sensor fusion. Then, the applications of composite mobile robots in different fields are reviewed, including agriculture,medical, environmental monitoring, etc. Finally, the future research directions are discussed.