Abstract: The geographical features of Japan are mainly hills and mountains,similar to the Lingnan area in southern China. As a typical island country, Japan has very limited arable land resources, high agricultural production costs, difficult farmland cultivation, and limited types of agricultural products suitable for planting and development, resulting in insufficient agricultural output in Japan.At the same time, with Japan,s negative population growth and serious aging population, the shortage of agricultural labor has become a serious challenge to Japan,s agricultural and rural development. In this context,Japan aims to improve agricultural production efficiency, empowers agriculture through industry, and vigorously develops small-scale agricultural machinery and tools, forming an agricultural machinery industry led by Kubota, Yanmar, Iseki, and Mitsubishi. In all fields and links of production, its agricultural machinery technology is in the leading position in the world. This paper analyzes and summarizes the development status of small-scale agricultural machinery in Japan, analyzes the characteristics, existing problems and solutions of agricultural machinery, and provides experience and reference for the development of agricultural machinery in my country.