Abstract: Peri-urban areas are special areas formed in the period of rural areas changing to cities and towns. It has been vigorously developed during the past few decades because of urbanization and industrialization, and rapidly caught everyone’s eyes. However, diverse pollutants brought by complex sources, ranging from farming, breeding, living, to production and processing, inescapability damage the surrounding water environment and the whole basin ecosystem. In order to curb water pollution in peri-urban areas and cut down the total amount of pollutants flowing into river originally, this study selects middle and lower areas of the Four-lake basin as a research object, not only investigating all pollution sources and calculating the amount of pollutants, but also optimizing the structure of planting and breeding as well as the scale of urban and rural areas in the future. In this paper, Concentration Method and the Improved Export Coefficient Model（IECM） based on transfer reduction are used to calculate the amount of input pollutants from all point and non-point sources during the year 2008 to 2018.Then, spatial-temporal variations characteristics of input-river pollutants and the key pollutant sources are concluded and identified by data visualization, indicating that the agricultural planting and breeding in Honghu City are one of the most significant sources of input river pollutants. What’s more, Interval Fuzzy Multi-objective Programming Model（IFMOP） is used to optimize the planting structure as well as urban and rural scale in 2030. Model parameters are inexactly set to simulate the uncertain situations in the future, such as climate, agricultural and industrial management, environmental protection policies. The results show that the input TP and COD pollutants in research areas during 2008 to 2018 increased by 3.86% and 11.11% respectively, while the input NH₃-N and TN pollutants reduced by 14.91% and 0.4%.The main export area of input pollutants transferred from Jianli City to Honghu City. Most of input pollutants came from rural sources, instead of urban sources, in decades. Secondly, there will be an excellent effect on water conservation and pollution control in the year 2030, by optimizing the planting structure and county scale. With high level of water conservation and pollution control, the water consumption per ten-thousand yuan of GDP in Jingzhou region and Qianjiang region would decrease by 42.2% and 61.7% respectively, as well as the input TN, TP, COD and NH₃-N pollutants would decline by 47.9%, 50.5%, 56.2% and 57.3%. Thirdly, dry farming and crayfish-rice planting modes would gradually replace paddy field to become the main planting modes in the study areas; the amount of livestock and poultry production as well as rural population would decrease by 20.9 and 48.5%～49.4%, the amount of aquaculture production, urban population and industrial added value would respectively increase by 8.9%, 76.2%～77.7% and 183.4%～183.9%.