Abstract: In order to explore the distribution characteristics of sand and gravel coverage on coastal saline-alkali soil water and salt, this paper adopts laboratory experiments to study the effects of sand and gravel coverage（0, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%） on soil water, salt and evaporation. influence of characteristics. The results show that sand covering can effectively retain soil moisture and reduce the salinity content of soil surface, the effect of preserving moisture and salt inhibition increases with the increase in sand coverage. During the test period, the soil surface water content in the sand-covered treatment increased by 58.57%～232.71% compared with CK, the profile water content increased by 82.41%～220.91% compared with the CK treatment, and the surface soil salinity content decreased by 22.72%～46.04% compared with CK. Compared with CK, the salinity content decreased by 7.15%～11.76%. Sand and gravel coverage can effectively inhibit the accumulation of soil surface and improve the spatial distribution uniformity of salinity in the soil profile; during the test period, the soil evaporation intensity in the sand-covered treatment decreased by 15.51%～48.82% compared with the CK treatment, the effect of sand and gravel mulching on soil evaporation intensity was stronger in the early stage of evaporation than in the later stage of evaporation.