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斜交桥墩影响下的弯道水流运动三维数值模拟

Three-dimensional Number Value Simulation under the Influence of Oblique Bridge Pier

  • 摘要: 斜向建设的桥墩常见于天然弯曲河道中,其改变下游水流运动趋势,并对堤防稳定产生不利影响。为探究连续弯道中斜交桥墩对水流运动特性的影响,运用MIKE Zero系列软件中的水动力模型对圆柱形桥墩不同建设位置及桥墩与河道呈不同斜交角度的工况进行数值模拟,分析各工况下桥墩对水位和流速的影响。研究结果表明:在弯道不同位置布设不同斜交角度的桥墩时,各位置墩前最大壅水高度均在桥墩斜交角度α为30°~60°时呈增大趋势;此外,各工况平面流速均随斜交桥墩偏移的方向增大,且桥墩斜交角度越大首末组桥墩周围流速相差越大。修建桥墩后的弯道中心区域墩后断面横向流速及纵向流速均较无墩情况下降低,且随桥墩斜交角度的增大流速降低现象愈发明显,但弯道凹岸及凸岸区域墩后断面横纵流速均不同程度增大,并始终大于桥墩建设前的流速。相邻弯道间前弯对其后弯的横向环流结构发展进行反向抑制,在弯道连接段修建桥墩时其墩后断面环流范围小于在弯道段修建桥墩时的环流。这些发现为弯道涉河桥梁规划及护岸工程设计提供了依据。

     

    Abstract: Common in the inherently curved river channel, the bridge pier built toward the construction will alter the trend of the water flow movement downstream and negatively impact the stability of the embankment. The hydropower model in the Mike Zero series software is used to numerically simulate the conditions of various construction locations for the cylindrical bridge pier and the pier and the river channel in order to investigate the effects of diagonal bridge pier in the continuous curve, and analyze the impact of bridge piers on water level and flow velocity under various operating conditions. Research indicates when a bridge pier with different oblique angles at different positions in the corner, the height of the maximum water in front of each pier is increasing at the bridge pier diagonal cross-intersecting angle α ranging from 30° to 60°. Additionally, the offset of the oblique pier increases the plane flow velocity of each operating state, and the flow velocity around the bridge pier increases with the size of the bridge pier’s cross section. After the construction of a pier in the central area of the bridge pier, both the horizontal and vertical flow velocities along the longitudinal side of the pier decrease. The decrease in flow rate with the increase in the angle of the bridge pier becomes more evident. However, it is worth mentioning that the horizontal longitudinal rate at the back of the cornering coast and the back of the bumpy area increases to varying degrees, and it consistently remains higher than the flow rate prior to the construction of the pier. The influence of the water flow between adjacent curves has a reverse suppression effect on the development of the lateral circulation structure of the front curve. When the bridge connection section is built in the corner connection section, the loop of the back surface of the pier is smaller than the circulation of the bridge pier in the curve section. These findings have a basis for the design of the river bridge and shore protection engineering.

     

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